By now, it’s common knowledge that physical and mental health are closely linked. And most of us know that sleep is a crucial link between the two—even if we don’t get as much as we need!
Many mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders come with sleep disturbances, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is no exception. Here are some specific things that therapists and families should know about the link between autism and sleep.
Co-occurring disorders or symptoms can disrupt sleep.
People with ASD often have other behavioral and physical health diagnoses. These conditions, rather than the autism itself, may interfere with sleep.
Epilepsy, which shares some genetic markers with ASD, can cause sleep disturbances. Gastrointestinal disorders are also common in those with autism. In fact, research shows that gastrointestinal issues can be a predictive marker for sleep issues in children with autism. Other co-occurring health concerns include restless leg syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea.
ASD may come with another behavioral health condition, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression. These issues also contribute to poor sleep.
Symptoms or behaviors associated with autism may prevent sleep.
Individuals diagnosed with ASD often have trouble waking up in the night. They may talk or play for hours rather than go back to sleep. They may also wake too early in the morning.
Individuals with autism may experience more negative nighttime experiences, such as sleepwalking or night terrors. Bedwetting is also a common problem for children with ASD. They may resist bedtime, refusing to get into bed or get ready for bed. The rigid, ritualistic behaviors that are characteristic of ASD may delay or prevent rest.
Many people with autism are highly sensitive to sensory experiences, so environmental factors may contribute to poor sleep. Something like the noise of traffic outside or the texture of their bedding may be too distracting or uncomfortable.
Poor sleep can cause other problems.
Providers and families should seek solutions for sleep problems in people diagnosed with ASD. Otherwise, it can contribute to a wide range of other problems, including:
- Mood and behavior issues, such as temper tantrums, hyperactivity, or impulsivity
- Deficiencies in attention, memory, and learning
- Poor emotional regulation and higher stress
- Reduced social interactions due to fatigue and lower motivation
- Increased struggles with communication
Some techniques can improve sleep for individuals with autism.
There are ways to help improve sleep in children or adults with ASD.
- Follow good sleep hygiene, such as limiting late naps and screen time.
- Some types of psychotherapy, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, may help with insomnia.
- Encourage physical activity during the daytime, and reduce the use of stimulants like caffeine.
- Create a consistent sleep routine, with regular bedtimes, as well as relaxing bedtime rituals to help prepare mind and body for sleep.
- Make sure the environment is suitable for sleep, such as blocking out excessive light or noise and using comfortable bedding.
- Many providers prefer to use other methods before medication. However, medication may help other problems that contribute to sleep disturbances, such as gastrointestinal issues or anxiety.
Behavioral and developmental disorders can have many symptoms and risk factors, making it a challenge to create the optimal treatment plan for any one client. BestNotes EHR solutions were designed specifically for behavioral health practices, helping you track client outcomes, collaborate with other providers, improve staff efficiency, and maximize your reimbursements. Contact us today to request a demo and find out more!