As lawmakers, clinicians, and community leaders work to address the challenges of prescription painkiller use, new research highlights concerning trends and persistent issues.
Study Population
Researchers analyzed data from all commercially insured or Medicare beneficiaries with medical and pharmacy coverage between 2007 and 2016. This included 48 million unique beneficiaries across various age groups.
Concerning Trends in Painkiller Use
The study found that prescription rates for commercially insured patients remained steady at 14 percent over the decade. Among aged Medicare beneficiaries, prescription rates rose from 11 percent to 14 percent.
The highest prescription rates were observed among disabled Medicare beneficiaries aged 45-54 years, with 45 percent using prescription painkillers between 2011 and 2013.
Notably, long-term use accounted for the majority of prescriptions. Among disabled Medicare beneficiaries, 14 percent of episodes were for long-term use, representing 89 percent of the total dispensed.
Researchers also reported that average daily doses among these beneficiaries never fell below 50 MME, a level associated with increased risks. At this dosage, the likelihood of overdose is two to four times higher compared to doses under 20 MME, according to the study authors.
Solutions to Address Overuse
The study underscores the need for evidence-based approaches to improve the safety and effectiveness of pain management. Providers are encouraged to assess whether long-term use improves a patient’s quality of life and functional ability. If not, they should explore alternative treatments.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends exploring complementary options, such as physical therapy or behavioral health interventions. Providers should also ensure that patients with potential misuse or dependency issues have access to appropriate addiction treatment and social services.
Moving Forward
Prescription painkillers should only be used when benefits outweigh risks, with careful consideration of a patient’s history and overall needs. Encouraging alternative treatments and a holistic approach to pain management can help address the challenges highlighted in this study.